![]() Living cells are highly dynamic and complex metabolic systems in which most enzymes do not function in isolation but form supramolecular complexes ( Jørgensen et al., 2005). ![]() Within the review article, we will first discuss the supramolecular organization of enzymes in living systems and second summarize current and future approaches to design artificial metabolic channels by additive manufacturing for the efficient production of desired products. To improve stability and catalytic activity, proteins are post-translationally modified and arranged in artificial metabolic channels. In vitro applications are often hampered by limited protein stability/half-life and insufficient rates of substrate conversion. Metabolic engineering in living cells needs to be balanced which is achieved by controlling gene expression levels, translation, scaffolding, compartmentation, and flux control. Both, in vivo and in vitro systems have been established, allowing conversion of simple into complex compounds.
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