![]() ![]() Moreover, the animal can often become agitated without anesthesia and consume much physical energy when the electrodes are implanted into its body. In regards to bioelectric measurement targeting marine animals, to prevent electric short-circuiting between the pair of bioelectrodes via seawater (which is conductive), one or multiple pairs of bioelectrodes are embedded inside the living body by incision surgery 20, 21, which can impose a heavy workload on inexperienced experimenters. Moreover, ECG can be used in fish ethological- and physiological studies 2, 4, so innovating techniques and devices for ECG measurement will contribute to developing these studies. Moreover, the electrocardiogram (ECG), which is a kind of bioelectric measurement, carries high expectations because it can evaluate psychological stress of marine animals just as it can evaluate that of humans 16, 17, 18, 19. Now, aiming to obtain good harvests, the aquaculture industry requires bioelectric measurements to grasp the health condition of marine animals from pathophysiological viewpoints. Recent technological innovations helped studies on bio-logging and DNA analysis advance rapidly, but advancement of bioelectric-measurement technology, which has existed for a long time, lags behind those of bio-logging and DNA analysis. ![]() From the viewpoints of physiology, ethology, and environmentology, marine animals have been studied by bioelectric measurement 1, 2, 3, 4, bio-logging 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and DNA (genome) analysis 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, respectively. The proposed method obtained reliable bioelectric signals corresponding to electrocardiograms (ECGs) and electromyograms (EMGs) from each part of the individual fish.įor sustainable use of marine-animal resources, preservation of endangered species, and conservation of ecosystems, it is very important to understand the biology of individual marine animal. To demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method, two internal electrodes were inserted into different parts (above the gills and near the tail) of three fish ( Parajulis poecilepterus, ca. By sharing the external electrode with the internal electrode, it is possible to measure bioelectric signals with half the number of bioelectrodes used by conventional methods. Bioelectric signals generated between the external and internal electrodes are then measured. The internal electrode is isolated from the seawater by virtue of being inserted in the fish. As for the proposed method, a needle-type internal electrode is inserted into the fish’s muscle at a certain measurement point, and an external electrode is sunk in seawater. ![]() A novel method to measure bioelectric signals by utilizing the conductivity of seawater surrounding the entire body of a fish is proposed. To manage health conditions of farmed fish and other living creatures, a simple method to measure bioelectric signals of the creatures in seawater is expected. ![]()
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